论民事证据认定能力(一)

引言

民事证据是为保证人民法院正确认定案件事实，公正、在提交民事证据更是及时审理民事案件，保障和便利当事人依法行使诉讼权利，且我国相应的出台了相关民事证据的法律，如2001年出具的《最高人民法院关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》，对民事证据的内容进行了相关的规定，由此可见，民事证据在法律方面的重要性。诉讼的过程是运用证据查明案件事实的过程，案件事实查清了，在此基础上正确适用法律，案件才能得到正确处理。在诉讼中，大部分难解决的问题皆出于事实认定，证据的运用在这个问题上特别重要。日本学者石井一正指出：“在现代社会，无论是民事诉讼、刑事诉讼或行政诉讼，事实认定，亦即证据调查实际上已经成为——裁判的核心。也许，说到裁判，大部分人都会认为这是一种法律性程序，是围绕着法律适用或法的解释而进行争论的诉讼核心。但是，在实际的裁判中，无论民事诉讼还是刑事诉讼，几乎所有的案件都是由当事人针对事实的认定来展开各自的攻击和防御的，甚至于这种攻防可以决定诉讼的胜与败。”无疑，证据的收集、运用和审查判断，根据证据所认定的案件事实是否符合事实真相，是民事诉讼的关键。

摘要

众所周知, 迄今为止, 我国是未制订出独立的具体的证据法,证据规则主要全是散布在诉讼法，最高人民法院颁布的一系列司法解释当中。从这些证据中不难发现,证据法对证据能力一直未给予有应有的重视,导致实务中也很少用证据能力规则解释具体案件。

诉讼的过程是运用证据查明案件事实的过程，案件事实查清了，在此基础上正确适用法律，案件才能得到正确处理。

证据的收集、运用和审查判断，根据证据所认定的案件事实是否符合事实真相。

通过篇对民事证据能力的讨论，能更了解对民事证据的理解，清楚证据能力的概念，知道民事证据能力认定的内容，提高认识我国对民事证据的立法建议。

关键词：民事证据；认定能力；证据关联性合法性真实性；法律建议

目  录

摘要·········································································2

引言··········································································4

一、民事证据认定的概述·······················································4

（一）民事证据的概述·························································4

（二）证据认定的概述··························································4

（三）民事证据的种类·························································5

（四）对证据质证的顺序·······················································6

二、证据的真实性、关联性、合法性··············································7

（一）证据的真实性···························································7

1.如何理解证据的真实性························································7

2.形式上的真实································································8

3.内容上的真实································································8

4.如何认定证据的真实性························································8

（二）证据的关联性····························································8

1.如何理解证据的关联性························································8

2.证明对象具有实质性··························································8

3.证明对象具有证明性··························································9

4.如何认定证据的关联性························································9

（三）证据的合法性···························································9

1.如何理解证据的合法性························································9

2.主体合法的证据·····························································10

3.程序合法的证据·····························································10

4.方式合法的证据·····························································10

5.形式合法的证据·····························································10

6.如何认定证据的合法性·······················································11

三、完善我国民事证据能力的法律思考···········································11

（一）对实践运用的建议·······················································11

（二）完善我国民事证据的立法建议············································13

参考文献····································································15

论民事证据认定能力

引言

民事证据是为保证人民法院正确认定案件事实，公正、在提交民事证据更是及时审理民事案件，保障和便利当事人依法行使诉讼权利，且我国相应的出台了相关民事证据的法律，如2001年出具的《最高人民法院关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》，对民事证据的内容进行了相关的规定，由此可见，民事证据在法律方面的重要性。诉讼的过程是运用证据查明案件事实的过程，案件事实查清了，在此基础上正确适用法律，案件才能得到正确处理。在诉讼中，大部分难解决的问题皆出于事实认定，证据的运用在这个问题上特别重要。日本学者石井一正指出：“在现代社会，无论是民事诉讼、刑事诉讼或行政诉讼，事实认定，亦即证据调查实际上已经成为——裁判的核心。也许，说到裁判，大部分人都会认为这是一种法律性程序，是围绕着法律适用或法的解释而进行争论的诉讼核心。但是，在实际的裁判中，无论民事诉讼还是刑事诉讼，几乎所有的案件都是由当事人针对事实的认定来展开各自的攻击和防御的，甚至于这种攻防可以决定诉讼的胜与败。”无疑，证据的收集、运用和审查判断，根据证据所认定的案件事实是否符合事实真相，是民事诉讼的关键。

一、民事证据认定的概述

（一）民事证据的概述

民事诉讼证据是指能够证明民事案件真实情况的客观事实材料。

民事诉讼证据有三个最基本的特征，即客观真实性、关联性和合法性。