英语禁忌语的起源与发展——从伊丽莎白到维多利亚时期(二)

Therefore, the purpose of the linguistic taboos are not necessarily required that the audience should take action and the main function is to prompt which is translated. The information is a decisive factor in choosing and using the part of speech in Chines e-English translation.

2.2.4 Politeness

When choosing words and expressions in language communication, People usually are very careful in order to make others happy and comfortable.Whoever breaks this rule will be criticized or driven out of the communicative activity.

Therefore,Politeness,as the foundation of human social life,the basis of the production of soc ial order and a precondition of human cooperation,it strictly observed by people according to the rules of the society in question.Thus,the various taboos and linguistic taboos may arise.

2.2.5 Phatic Factors

According to the methods in the speaking of the time that we can’t use the translation do the Standard English to that. Otherwise it will be full of mistakes, which exposes them to ridicule. Here are the suggestions of the English taboos: Firstly, it is not the pure literal, which mostly composed of the simple, but its meaning is not with the literal meaning to understand.

2.3The Main Features of Linguistic Taboo

2.3.1 The Universality and Diversity

It is true that,in the long history of human evolution,different societies have different experie nces due to living in different environments,adopting different social systems in different age s,adhering to different lifestyles,and accepting different religious beliefs.

But wherever we live and however differently we have experienced,there is at least one point in common,that is ,we are human beings.We can not deny the law that human society as a whole d evelops from primitiveness to civilization,from ignorance to knowledge.Some rules are necessary to regulate the behavior and language of the people in a given society so that they may lead a hap py and healthy life and be in harmony with each other.These are the common points of diff erent societies.

2.3.2 The Stability and Temporality

Here,by stability,we mean that the phenomen on of linguistic taboo is relatively stable.It has existed in language persistently for a long time and will still be a part of language to meet human being.Psychological and social needs.By temporality,we mean that the fothidden degree of a taboo term and the range of taboo may change as time goes on.What has been tabooed may not be consi dered as taboo at least by some people in some circumstances.First the occasional and later the frequent use of taboo words reduces their tabooedness.Once these wolds no longer ensured,their use will become merely a matter of taste.

2.4The Functions of Linguistic Taboo.

In special English, the forms of taboo word will result from the same ordinary word-the building Processes that we can produce the general vocabulary. To create new words, we can cha nge the meaning, form, Pronunciation, or Part of speech of old ones: we can brome from foreign language: we can coin new combinations of old words and word parts; or we can consc iously invent some type of code device or acrostic based on unknown words. The following will be a detailed analysis of Linguistic Taboo.

The Linguistic Tabo is as a comedy and humorous. It is related to the American personality. The words of the USA is reflected the American imagination, self-confidence, optimism and hum or.They create a lot of humor and memorable slang as an example for “being under the pettic oat government”.

In language,there are some taboo expressions resulting from the social conventions and the authorities.When people feel tired to the control of these people or conventions,they may want to do something deviant.They may begin with violating linguistic taboos.

For example,many people of the older generation still confirm to the traditional ways of beh avior and hope their children to behave accordingly.But the younger generation pursues freedom and projection of Personality to show their independence and separation from the older one by using somewords.

2.5 The English Taboo and the Related Factors

2.5.1 Taboo on Names of God

The English also has taboos on the name of the devil Satan who is an evil and an opponent of God,as well as other fairies in English pagan religion.It is Satan,a leading figure of the devils,who induced the ancestors of man to commit sin and brought all the disasters and pains of man.So in Christianity,Satan is considered the independent opponent of God,not his inferior.Then it is natural that English people do not refer to the name of Satanas to the name of God,because they thi nk:speak the devil and it is sure to appear. People usually call him the devil one,the tempter,the Common Enemy and so on.

2.5.2 Taboo on Death and illness

Death today still remains a main subject of taboo in English.People rarely talk openly about the death.Even in hospital,if somebody’s death is announced directly to him or her hospital careeeive complaints about doing so.It seems that people still prefer the traditional practice of telling the truth mildly,because it sems to show more human concern and consideration.As death is a taboo,people usually use the phrases as below:Pass away,go west,and fall asleep in the lord,leave his world.The following words are all regarded as the taboos.Did execute,and kill;dead,dead Person,death,fun eral directl.on the grave digged.Some mental illnesses are taboos such as the mentally ill.

2.5.3 Taboo on Vulgarities

Generally speaking,the vulgarities in English include the direct way of saying sex ual organs and the behaviors,even the belly and legs,the excretion and the bathr oom and so on.

The English speaking people have always had an especially strong fear of words for the organs of sex and excretion. Taboo on vulgarities has a long history in English and reaches a very high degree even belly and leg were both once the victims of verb al prudery.

In English,taboo of vulgarities has always been considered as the symbol of a developed civilization.This is especially agreed with and practiced by the so-called up per class people who impose their own norm on the standard of elegant language.A va riety of words used by the common people are regarded as vulgarities while the so-ca lled upper class uses genteel language.

3.The origin and development of Linguistic Taboo

3.1 The period of Linguistic Taboo

3.2 The development of Linguistic Taboo

3.3 The Literature review of the Linguisic Taboo

Conclusion

This paper is mainly studied on the theory in the Linguisic Taboo.Firstly,we intro duced the basic theory and then, the tourism slang study,which leads to the appli cation of the theory.Finally,it is on the basis of the analysis on the period of the Engl ish taboos,which puts forward the requirements of the application.