三层楼交流双速电梯的PLC电气控制系统的设计

论文编号:ZD144   论文字数:23317,页数:54   F1系列PLC

摘  要
    电梯是一种比较复杂的机电综合产品，电梯技术的发展与现代科学息息相关。在电梯的各种种类中，集选控制电梯既可以实现有司机操作也可实现无司机操作，是一种高度动控制的电梯。在集选控制电梯中，这篇文章是关于三层楼交流双速电梯的PLC电气控制系统的设计。
交流双速电梯的电气控制系统主要采用了可编程控制器PLC技术。PLC技术是用微处理器实现的许多电子是继电气、定时器和计数器的组合体，采用电气操作人员习惯的梯形图式编程，直观易懂。
由于直流电动机靠换向器换向，致使直流电动机制造成本高、价格昂贵、维护麻烦、使用环境受到限制，同时也约束了电机的转速，功率上限，从而给直流传动的应用带来了一系列的限制。相对于直流电动机来说，交流电动机特别是鼠笼式异步电动机具有结构简单，制造成本低，坚固耐用，运行可靠，维护方便，惯性小，动态响应好，以及易于向高压、高速和大功率方向发展等优点，故在设计中采用了鼠笼式电机变极调速技术。虽然交流双速电梯舒适感不是太好，但具有结构紧凑、维护简单的特点，又采用开环控制方式，线路简单，价格较低。
关键词:PLC；电梯；交流双速；电气控制；继电器

Abstract
The elevator is a kind of product with comprehensive more complicated machine electricity, elevator the technical development and modern science is vitally related.Gather to choose the control elevator in various category of the elevator since can carry out the driver operation and can also carry out to have no driver operation, is a kind of elevator that moves a control highly.In gather choose the control elevator, this article is concerning three soon elevator of the design of the PLC electricity control system.
Communicate double soon elevator of the electricity control system mainly adopted a programmable controller PLC technique.The PLC technique is use many electronicses of the microprocessor realization is machines after the electricity and in fixed time with count a machine of combination body, the trapezoid diagram type plait distance of[with] the adoption electricity operation personnel's habit, keep a view to understand easily.
Because the direct current motive depends to change toward machine to change to, cause the direct current motive manufacturing cost high,the price is expensive and support trouble and use environment to be subjected to restriction, also controling electrical engineering to turn soon, the power upper limit, spread the application for move to bring a series to the direct current thus of restriction.Opposite say in the direct current motive, the alternate current motive especially the rat cage type difference tread electric motor to have structure in brief, the manufacturing cost is low, hard enduring, circulate credibility, support convenience, inertial and small, the dynamic state respond to good, and be easy to toward advantages, such as high pressure,high speed and the big power direction development...etc., past in the design adopted the rat cage type electrical engineering to become pole adjust a technique soon.Although the exchanges double soon elevator the comfortable feeling isn't too good, has structure tightly packed and supports a simple characteristics, adopting to open the wreath control method again, the circuit is simple, the price is lower.
Keyword: PLC;lift;Communicate double soon;The electricity control;relay
 

目  录
1 绪论  1
2 电梯的介绍  2
2.1 电梯的概述  2
2.1.1 电梯技术发展趋势   2
2.1.2 电梯品种多样化   2
2.2 交流调速电梯原理   3
2.3 电梯门的概述   4
2.3.1 门的系统及其作用   4
2.3.2 门的一般要求   4
2.3.3 层门、轿门的形式及结构  5
2.3.4 门的结构与组成   5
2.3.5 对重装置   5
2.4 电梯的主要安全装置  6
2.4.1 机械安全装置   6
2.4.2 电气保护装置   7
3 可编程控制器的介绍   10
3.1 可编程控制器的历史   10
3.2 PLC的特点   10
3.3 PLC的应用领域   11
3.4 PLC的基本结构   11
3.5 PLC的工作原理   12
3.5.1扫描技术   14
3.5.2 PLC的I/O响应时间  15
3.6 PLC的I/O系统   15
3.6.1 I/O寻址方式   16
3.7 编程器件  16
4 电气控制系统设计  18
4.1 电梯控制性能要求  18
4.2 软件设计流程图    19
4.2.1 定向流程图  19
4.2.2 电梯运行流程图   20
4.3 输入、输出部分  21
4.3.1 输入部分   21
4.3.2 输出部分   22
4.4 主电路   23
4.4.1 曳引电路(DY)   23
4.4.2 电源开关   23
4.4.3 工作过程  24
4.4.4 电路图  25
4.5 控制电路梯形图的设计及功能  26
4.5.1 外呼  26
4.5.2 内选   27
4.5.3 自检   28
4.5.4 层楼信号  28
4.5.5 超时驶回基站  29
4.5.6 上行  29
4.5.7 下行  30
4.5.8 换速信号   31
4.5.9 换速   33
4.5.10 开/关门   34
4.5.11 定时开关电梯  35
4.5.12 报警电路   35
4.5.13 闪烁电路   35
4.5.14 相序更正电路  37
4.5.15 模拟层楼信号电路   37
4.5.16 优先服务电路   38
4.5.17 模拟换速电路   40
4.5.18 模拟开/关门到位信号电路   41
4.6 PLC接线图   41
4.6.1 PLC的选择  41
4.6.2 I/O模块的外边接线方式  41
4.6.3 电路图   42
结论  43
致谢  44
参考文献   45
附录   46

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