PLC控制的行车自动化控制系统

论文编号:ZD065    字数:20597,页数:49    三菱系列PLC  

摘 要
行车是在生产中用于输送物料的重要设备。过去的传统控制方式大都是采用人工操纵的半自动控制方式。然而在许多生产场合，这种半自动控制方式早已显示出了它的缺点及很多的不足。所以，为了提高工作效率，促进生产自动化和减轻劳动强度，现在已经需要实现行车的自动化控制。
本设计是将由人工操纵的半自动化电动行车改造为由PLC控制的自动化控制系统，不仅可以大大提高生产效率，方便地实现各种控制功能，而且可以适应行车所处的恶劣环境，无需在硬件上采取过多的措施。
本设计中的电镀专用行车是通过行车带动吊钩前后运动及吊钩的升降运动来实现电镀的过程的。行车带动吊钩前进/后退分别经过电镀槽、回收液槽、清水槽，当分别到每个槽上方时，由限位开关通知PLC发出控制指令使吊钩下降，当下降到槽中时又开始定时电镀。定时结束后，吊钩上升，上升后还需定时停留一段时间让多余的液体流回槽中才能走向下一个槽，当从清水槽上滴液结束后行车返回原位。
在对本系统的设计中完成了系统的硬件连线及软件的设计，硬件连线包括PLC 的外围接线、主电路及控制电路，软件包括梯形图及指令表。

关键词：PLC；电镀专用行车；前后运动；升降运动

Abstract
The empress car is a important equipment that transports the material in produce. The traditional control method mostly adopts the half artificial manipulate to control. However in many production situations, the weakness and a lot of shortage that automatic control in this kind of half method appeared already. In order to improve work efficiency, promote the production automation and alleviate to the labor strength, now there need realizes the car that automatic control.
This design is reforms the manipulate a line of the car moved by artificial the half automation electricity to the automation control system that be controlled by PLC, can not only increase production efficiency, conveniently realizes every kind of control function, but also can adapt to the bad environment of a line of cars, not need adopt the excessive measure on the hardware.
The appropriation car for electroplate in this design is a rise and fall to passes a line of the car arouses to the mourn hook to exercise and the mourn hook in front and back to realize the electroplate process. A car bring the hook go forward/retreat pass by the electroplated slot, recovery liquid slot, clear water slot one by one , when above each slot, the limit switch tells PLC to sends out the control instruction makes the hook descends, when in the slot it starts settling the time to electroplate. While settling after ending, the mourn hook is rising up, still need to stop a few minutes let superfluous liquid flowed to return to slot then can to the next slot, When liquid ends from the clear water slot the empress car returns the home position.
In the design of this system, Completed the design of hardware and software . The hardware includes the PLC outer connect line, main electric circuit and control electric circuits, the software includes trapezoid diagram and instruction forms.

Key words: PLC; a appropriation car for electroplate; Exercise in front and back; Exercise in ascend and descend
目 录
第1章 绪论   1
1.1 PLC的发展及其应用  1
1.2本课题研究的意义  2
1.3本文的结构    2
第2章电镀专用行车控制系统简介  3
2.1使用背景       3
2.2控制系统方案论证   3
2.3工艺流程分析   3
2.3.1工艺要求   3
2.3.2控制流程   4
2.4 PLC的选型及地址编号  6
2.4.1 PLC的选型  6
2.4.2 PLC的地址编号    6
2.5电机的选型     7
2.5.1电动机的分类    7
2.5.2电动机的选型   7
第3章 PLC控制系统的组成及设计步骤  9
3.1 PLC控制系统的组成   9
3.1.1可编程控制器PLC  9
3.1.2接触器   13
3.1.3继电器   13
3.1.4开关电器   13
3.1.5熔断器    14
3.2 PLC控制系统的设计步骤   15
3.2.1 PLC控制系统设计的基本原则   15
3.2.2 PLC控制系统设计的一般步骤  15
3.2.3确定控制对象及范围  17
第4章控制系统硬件设计  18
4.1电器控制系统原理图   18
4.1.1主电路图     18
4.1.2控制电路   19
4.1.3 PLC外围接线图   20
4.2操纵台的设计     20
第5章控制系统软件设计  22
5.1梯形图的设计方法及技巧   22
5.1.1梯形图的设计方法   22
5.1.2梯形图设计技巧   22
5.2控制系统梯形图   23
5.3指令表  26
第6章 结论     31
参考文献     32
致谢     33
附录    34
附录Ⅱ     44

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