《鲁滨逊漂流记》中殖民文化对殖民地文化影响解读

论文编号:YY161  字数:8902,页数:24

Abstract

      Daniel Defoe is a great English novelist in the18th century. Robinson Crusoe, his masterpiece, is either a pioneering English adventure fiction or a typical colonial literature. It not only is a vivid narrative story about the surprising and adventuring life of Robinson, but also has the theme of colonism which is represented on a series of binary oppositional colonial discourses: the colonial country and the colony, master and slave, the white and the colored, central culture and marginal culture, civilization and savageness, Christianity and cannibals and all that. With post-colonial criticism as its visual angle, this thesis sets on the history of European colonialism, analyzes the description of characters, narrative words and the growing process of “Friday” who loses his national culture identity to deconstruct those colonial discourses, explores the strategies for colonist’s cultural colonization to those people in the colonies and reveals the dilemma of losing their national culture identity. This analysis gives us a new perspective in appreciation this classical work and a typical case study of how the colonists exert the cultural rule on the people in the colonies.

Key Words

Robinson Crusoe; colonialism; colonial discourses; cultural colonization

摘　  要

    《鲁滨逊漂流记》是18世纪英国作家丹尼尔.笛福的代表作，是英国历险小说的源头，也是一部带有强烈殖民主义意识的文学作品。它不仅生动地讲述了小说主人公鲁滨逊开拓荒岛的详细过程，也描绘了他驯服改造原始部族人“星期五”的手段和策略。本课题着重以“后殖民主义批评”（易小斌，2004：64-68）为视角，拟从历史文化背景、人物刻画以及话语分析入手，对《鲁滨逊漂流记》中所建立起的宗主国/殖民地，奴隶主/奴隶，白种人/有色人，中心文化/边缘文化，文明/野蛮，基督教/食人部族等二元对立的殖民话语体系进行解构，揭示蕴涵在作品中的殖民主义意识，并阐释鲁滨逊如何以枪炮为后盾，有计划地从语言和宗教信仰两方面对“星期五”进行赤裸裸的文化殖民，使其丧失了原有的民族文化身份，从而造成自我身份丧失的窘境。本课题为读者重读经典开辟了一个新的视角，也为读者审视殖民者的文化统治提供了一个典型个案。

关键词

《鲁滨逊漂流记》；殖民主义；殖民话语；文化殖民

Contents
 
Abstract.....................................................................I
Key Words....................................................................I
摘要.........................................................................II
关键词.......................................................................II
Introduction.................................................................1
I. Colonial Discourses.......................................................2
A. Master and Slave..........................................................2
1. Selling Xury and Buying Black Slaves to Work for His Plantation...........3
   2. Enslaving the Savage—Friday...........................................3
3. The History of Evil Slave Deal and Slavery System.........................5
B. The Superior Race and the Inferior Race...................................6
1. The Just and Kind White. .................................................6
2. The Ugly Black along the African Coast....................................8
   3. The Cruel Cannibals—the American Indians..............................9
II. Cultural Colonization: Bringing Civilization to the Savage—Friday.......10
A. Changing Their Primitive Life Style Into an Easier Life...................10
1. Getting Rid of the Habit of Man-eating....................................11
   2. Making Clothes for Friday..............................................11
3. Instructing Friday to Use Tools and Arms..................................12
B. Banishing Friday’s Language and Instructing English to Him...............13
C. Mocking Friday’s God and Instructing the Real God to Him.................13
III. The Dilemma of Losing His National Culture Identity.....................15
Conclusion...................................................................16
Acknowledgements.............................................................17
Bibliography.................................................................18

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