电动润滑泵控制模块的设计

机械设计制造及其自动化论文，论文编号:JX1303 论文字数:20077.页数:66 附任务书，开题报告，文献综述,外文翻译

 摘 　　 要
 在本文中，作者主要从电动润滑泵的背景和研究的内容开始介绍，逐渐深入分析电动润滑泵控制系统，以及模块的程序设计及调试。下面是设计控制系统的主要介绍：
 当今社会的工业不断发展，自动化程度的要求也随之越来越高。随着控制系统市场化的进一步推进，各个行业的竞争也随之越来越激烈。故此，如何在各项固有的技术上进一步改善，成为了国内外科技发展的一个主流。
 电动润滑泵以其压力高，流量大，寿命长等优点广泛应用于机械重工、交通运输、纺织轻工、轻型、重型机械，磨具生产等行业的机械液压系统中。原因在于润滑可以减少机械设备在工作过程中的磨损，保证各部件的正常工作，防止零件的腐蚀等等，所以润滑是现代工业非常重要的环节。而现在市场上的润滑泵虽然可以实现各种润滑的功能，但还存在一些缺点。比如：油脂浪费严重，控制系统不能控制润滑时间等等。自动润滑装置能有效地减少设备故障，降低能耗，提高生产效率，延长机器使用寿命。该装置在直流或交流电机的驱动下，可以与相应的递进式分配器组成单线阻尼式液压系统，定时定量地将油脂输送到各个润滑点处，是一种自动化程度非常高的机、电、液一体化的润滑泵。
 本次毕业设计的电动润滑泵控制系统属于传动系统控制，传动部件是驱动源和润滑泵各个关节连接的桥梁，是系统的重要部件。本次设计的电动润滑泵控制系统就是为了解决当今应用的润滑泵系统存在的问题而进行设计的。自动注油器根据单片机中存储的时间运行小型减速机，带动位于泵内部的蜗轮，通过立式活塞的往复运动吸入/喷出容器内润滑脂。润滑泵的控制系统的主控制器选用的是单片机。
 项目的电动润滑泵采用的是柱塞润滑泵，轴向柱塞泵具有结构紧凑，工作压力高，容易实现变量等优点。根据柱塞泵工作原理，当传动轴在电动机的带动下转动时，连杆推动柱塞在缸体中作往复运动，同时连杆的侧面带动活塞连同缸体一同旋转。配油盘是固定不动的。如果斜角度的大小和方向可以调节，就意味着可以改变泵的排量和吸、压油方向，此时的泵为双向变量轴向柱塞泵。
 通过本次毕业设计，本人了解了单片机在许多领域中的应用，拓宽了自己的知识结构，也开阔了眼界。在控制系统模块设计过程中，深深体会到自己掌握知识的欠缺，为此，作者花了相当多的时间自学了PROTEL软件，学习使用单片机仿真器等编程和调试工具，掌握了一些专用软件的使用方法。此外，在调试查找问题过程中，作者体会到设计不仅需要掌握相关的基础知识，还需要细心和耐心以及良好的工作习惯。
总之，本次毕业设计收益很多，记忆深刻。

关键词：电动润滑泵 单片机  电路设计  
 
Abstract
  In this article, the author introduced his idea mainly from the contents of the research and background of the electric lubrication pump, analyzing the control system of electric lubrication pump as well as the programming and debugging of program modules gradually. The following is the design of products which is focused on.
 The degree of automation requirements will be getting higher and higher due to the continuous development of industry in contemporary society. With the further advancement market-oriented, competition in various industries also will be more and more intense. Therefore, how to improve the current technology further is becoming a mainstream in technology development at home and abroad.
 Electric lubrication pump with its high-pressure, flow, long life etc. are widely used in the mechanical hydraulic systems of the machinery Heavy Industry, transport, textiles ,light industry,light, heavy machinery, abrasive production industries. The reason is that lubrication can reduce machinery wear and tear in the course of their work to ensure the normal operation of the various components to prevent corrosion of parts and so on. Therefore, lubrication is a very important part of modern industry. However, though lubrication pump on the market can achieve a variety of lubrication function, but there are still some shortcomings. The design of this system is to solve today's problems in the applied lubrication pump system. Automatic lubrication device can effectively reduce equipment failures, energy consumption, which can also improve production efficiency, extend the service life of the machine. It is an indispensable part in modern industry. The device in DC or AC motor driven, it  can be with the corresponding single-line progressive-style divider composed of hydraulic damping system. Transporting oil to various lubricating grease points rugularly and quantitiatively, which is a very high degree of automation of machines, electrical and integrated lubrication fluid pump.
 The electric lubrication pump control system designed in the Graduation belongs to transmission control. Transmission parts and lubrication pump are the driving source of the bridges connecting the various joints, which is a key component of the system. Auto-injector according to the time stored in the microprocessor to run a small reducer, worm gear drive is located inside the pump, through the vertical reciprocating motion of the piston inhaled / exhaled grease container. Lubrication pump control system host controller is chosen microcontroller.
 The electric lubrication pump of the project uses a plunger lubrication pump. Axial piston pump has many advantages, such as tight structure, high working pressure and it is easy to achieve variables According to the working theory of the piston pump, when it is driven by the motor,  at the same time, it drives the piston rod side of cylinder together with the rotation. Dispensing plate is fixed and immobile. If the oblique angle of the magnitude and direction can be adjusted, which means that you can change the pump's discharge and suction, pressure oil-direction, then the pump is a two-way variable axial piston pump.
  In this Graduation, I understand that the application of microcomputer in many areas not only broadens our knowledge structure , but also our horizons. In the process of the control system design, I deeply felt that I am lack of knowledge, for which I spent quite a lot of time learning the PROTEL software, learning to use the MCU emulator and other programming and debugging tools and master a number of the use of the dedicated software, In addition, in process of debugging to find out problems, I also learned that appreciate the design not only needs to know the basic  basis of relevant knowledge, but also requires carefulness and patience as well as good working habits.
In short, this Graduation lets me achieve a lot and leave me a deep memory.
Keywords: Electric lubrication pump  Microcontroller   Circuit design

目 录
 中文摘要 I
 英文摘要  III
 目录 1
第一章  绪论 3
1.1 引言 3
1.2 国内外的现状及发展趋势 3
1.3 本课题主要研究内容 5
第二章  电动润滑泵控制模块可行性分析 6
 2.1 电动润滑泵控制模块的主要功能及其工作原理 6
   2.1.1  电动润滑泵控制模块主要功能 6
 2.1.2  电动润滑泵控制模块工作原理 6
 2.2 系统的基本方案选择和论证 7
            2.2.1  利用可编程控制器（PLC）来控制电动润滑泵 7
            2.2.2  利用单片机控制电动润滑泵 7
 2.2.3 单片机选择方案 8
 2.2.4 显示模块选择方案 10
 2.3 控制系统最终方案确定 11
 第三章  控制模块硬件设计 12
 3.1 系统基本配置 12
 3.2 硬件设计的基本原则 12
 3.3 主控板 13
 3.3.1 AT89C51主要性能参数 13
 3.3.2 AT89C51功能特性概述 13
 3.3.3 AT89C51引脚功能 14
     3.3.4 AT89C51的极限参数 16
 3.4 步进电动机 16
 3.5 显示屏 16
 3.6 压力传感器 17
 3.7 压力控制器 18
 3.8 电路板设计 19
 3.8.1 复位和时钟电路 20
 3.8.2 电源电路 21
 3.8.3 显示电路 21
 3.8.4 报警电路 22
第四章  控制模块软件设计 23
        4.1 主程序结构 23
        4.2 部分子程序功能 24
           4.2.1键盘扫描程序 24
 4.2.2显示程序 29
 4.2.3中断服务程序 29
        4.3 软件调试 31
           4.3.1 PROTEL软件介绍 31
           4.3.2 WAVE软件介绍 31
           4.3.3 WAVE软件调试环境 32
        4.4 控制系统的模拟与仿真 34
 第五章  总结 35
 致谢 36
 参考文献 37
 附录 A 程序清单 38

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