液压电梯设计

论文编号:JX398  论文字数:14364.页数:32

摘  要
随着社会经济的发展和人民生活质量的日益提高，电梯作为一种轻便可靠的运输工具越来越受到社会的青睐。电梯按其驱动形式可分为交流电梯、直流电梯、齿轮齿条电梯、斜齿轮电梯等。但不论是直流电梯，交流电梯还是斜齿轮等电梯，它们都具有系统结构复杂，机房设置不灵活，故障率高等缺点。为了进一步解决上述问题则需要设计一种在机构特点，技术性能以及建筑结构方面都优异于以上类型的电梯系统，使其在诸多方面都能满足要求。为此，本文设计了一种靠液压传动来驱动的液压电梯。
本文在国内外研究背景及意义的基础上，系统阐述了电梯的分类及液压电梯的基本结构。首先根据液压电梯系统原理图，利用机械设计与液压传动等方面的知识计算出柱塞的直径、缸筒的壁厚以及缸底厚度，并对所得结果进行校核验证完成了工作油缸的设计；同时进行了元件的选择和计算；其次，通过系统发热量的计算和油箱冷却时需要的冷却水量的计算完成了液压电梯油箱的设计；依据系统油流状态计算出管内压力损失、局部压力损失以及总压力损失进行了系统的验算；最后通过查阅相关设计手册对带、带轮、轴、以及键进行设计计算和校核，完成了液压电梯的泵站传动系统的设计。本文设计的液压电梯在井道利用率、运行平稳性、运作安全性以及经济实用性等方面相对其它类型的电梯有明显改进。

关键词：泵站；液压电梯；安全阀
 

Abstract
 With the social economical development and the lives of the people quality daily enhancement, the elevator is more and more applied as a kind of facile reliable transport. According to its actuation form exchanges the elevator may be divide into the direct-current elevator, the gear rack elevator, the helical gear elevator and so on. But no matter is the direct-current elevator, exchanges elevators, or helical gear elevator and so on, they all have the complex system structure, the engine room’s establishment is not nimble, failure rate higher and so on. In order to further solve the above problems, we need to design one kind in the organization characteristic, for the technical performance and the building structure aspect all outstanding in above types of elevator system, enable it all satisfy to the request of many aspects Therefore, this article has designed one kind the hydraulic pressure elevator which depends on the hydraulic transmission to actuate.
This article in the foundation of domestic and foreign research background and significance, elaborated the elevator classification and the hydraulic pressure elevator basic structure. First according to the hydraulic pressure elevator system diagram, use the machine design and hydraulic transmission knowledge calculates the diameter of the plunger, cylinder tube wall thickness as well as cylinder bottom thickness; second, through the examination confirmation to the obtained result to complete the work of cylinder design; Simultaneously has carried on the component choice and the computation; Through to the system calorific capacity computation the and the volume of cooling water while the fuel tank cools when needs to complete the hydraulic pressure elevator fuel tank design; Based on the system oil stream condition to calculated the tube internal pressure lose, the local pressure loss as well as the all of the     pressure lose to carried on the system checking calculation; Finally through the consult correlation design handbook to calculation and examines the belt, the band pulley, the axis, as well as the key, has completed the hydraulic pressure elevator pumping station transmission system design. The hydraulic pressure elevator designs in this article are well use factor it has the obvious improvement in movement stability, operation security as well as economical usability elevators.

Key words：Pumping station ; hydraulic pressure elevator ; Safety valve

目    录

引言 1
1  电梯发展概况 2
2  电梯的分类 2
2.1 按用途分类 2
2.1.1乘客电梯 2
2.1.2客货电梯 2
2.1.3医用电梯 3
2.1.4载货电梯 3
2.1.5住宅电梯 3
2.1.6特种电梯 3
2.2 按速度分类 3
2.2.1低速电梯 3
2.2.2快速电梯 3
2.2.3高速电梯 3
2.3 按驱动方式分类 3
2.3.1交流电梯 3
2.3.2直流电梯 3
2.3.3齿轮—齿条电梯 3
2.3.4液压电梯 3
2.3.5斜齿轮电梯 3
2.3.6无齿轮电梯 4
2.4 按电梯控制方式分类 4
2.4.1轿厢内手柄开关控制 4
2.4.2按钮开关控制 4
2.4.3信号控制 4
2.4.4集选控制 4
2.4.5并联控制 4
2.4.6梯群程序控制 4
2.4.7智能控制 4
2.5 液压电梯的基本结构 4
2.5.1泵站系统 4
2.5.2液压控制系统 5
2.5.3液压缸及支承系统 5
2.5.4导向系统 5
2.5.5轿厢 5
2.5.6门 5
2.5.7电气控制系统 5
2.5.8安全保护系统 6
3  设计依据 6
3.1 设计要求 6
3.2 数据 6
4  液压系统工作原理 6
4.1 系统原理图 6
4.2 液压系统图的工作原理 7
5  工作油缸的设计计算 8
5.1 液压电梯支承方式 8
5.2 油缸的设计及计算 9
5.2.1电梯柱塞缸的静载计算 9
5.2.2柱塞直径的确定 10
5.2.3柱塞的最大外升长度 10
5.2.4受压稳定校核 10
5.2.5缸筒壁厚计算 11
5.2.6缸底的设计计算 11
5.3 液压缸的强度校核 12
5.3.1缸筒壁厚校核 12
5.3.2活塞杆直径校核 13
5.3.3液压缸盖固定螺栓直径校核 13
6  元件的选择、计算 14
6.1 泵的选择 14
6.2 电动机的选择 14
6.3 液压阀的选择 15
6.4 油管内径的选择 15
6.5 滤油器的选择 16
7  油箱的设计 16
7.1 油箱的容量设计 16
7.2 油箱的加热 17
7.3 系统热平衡计算 17
7.3.1油泵损失产生的热能 17
7.3.2 通过阀孔时的发热量 18
7.3.3 系统总发热量 18
7.3.4油箱的散热计算 18
7.4 油箱的冷却设计 18
7.4.1冷却面积的计算 19
7.4.2需要的冷却水量 19
7.4.3需要的水管数量n 19
7.4.4确定冷却器筒体直径D及筒体长度ｌ 20
8  系统验算 20
8.1 判断油流状态 20
8.2 直管内压力损失计算 21
8.3 局部压力损失计算 21
8.4 工作阀门的压力损失 21
8.5 总压力损失及压力效率 22
9  泵站传动系统的设计 22
9.1 主油泵电动机的选择 22
9.2 传动方案的确定 22
9.3 带传动的设计、计算 23
9.3.1确定计算功率 23
9.3.2选择带型 23
9.3.3确定带轮的基准直径和 23
9.3.4确定中心距和带的基准长度 23
9.3.5验算主动轮上的包角 23
9.3.6确定带的跟数Z 24
9.3.7确定带的预紧力 24
9.3.8计算带的传动作用在轴上的力 24
9.4  V带轮的设计、计算 24
9.5 主油泵传动中轴的设计、计算 25
9.5.1初步确定轴的最小直径 26
9.5.2轴承的选择 26
9.5.3轴的结构设计 26
9.5.4求轴上的载荷 26
9.5.5按弯扭合成应力校核轴的强度 27
9.5.6精确校核轴的疲劳程度 27
9.6 轴承、平键的校核 29
9.6.1轴承寿命的计算 29
9.6.2 平键的校核 29
10  结论 30
谢  辞 31
参考文献 32

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