支撑掩护式液压支架设计

论文编号:JX357  所有图纸,任务书,外文翻译。论文字数:38775.页数:91

摘   要
     我课题的研究内容是支撑掩护式液压支架的总体设计。
现代长壁工作面采煤已经在开采区使用液压支架。液压支架不仅支撑顶板，推动刮板输送机工作面和自移式支架本身，而且还为相关的采煤设备提供一个安全的工作环境。因此正确的选择和应用液压支架是长壁工作面采煤成功的先决条件。此外，由于对液压支架需求数量很大，对液压支架的投资经常要占到长壁采煤工作面初始投资的一半以上。因此，从技术和经济两方面的观点看，液压支架是长壁采煤工作面设备中十分重要的一部分。
支撑掩护式液压支架结合了垛式液压支架和掩护式液压支架的特点。所以，支撑掩护式液压支架具有以上两者所具有的优点。
液压支架作为回采工作面的一种支护设备，液压支架在工作过程中能否取得良好的支护效果，取决于支架的架型，结构和相关参数。首先，通过作图确定支架的四连杆机构各杆系的长度；然后，以力学模型为依据，分析了液压支架的顶梁、掩护梁上载荷的作用机理，得到了较为合理的支架载荷的计算公式；其次，结合设计的支架，从平面和空间两方面对支架主要结构件进行受力分析；最后对支架主要结构件、连接销轴进行强度效核,并画出所有的机械图。

关键词：支撑掩护式支架；顶梁；四连杆；强度

ABSTRACT
My paper mainly foused on the problem which designs about a type of chock-shield support.
Modern longwall mining employs hydraulic powered supports at the face area. The supports not only holds up the roof, pushes the face chain conveyor, and advances itself, but also provides a safe environment for all associated mining activities. Therefore its successful selection and application are the prerequisite for successful longwall mining. Furthermore, due to the large number of units required, the capital invested for the power support usually accounts for more than half of the initial capital for a longwall face. Therefore both from technical and economic points of view, the powered support is a very important piece of equipment in a long wall face.
The chock shield combines the features of the chocks and the shields. As such it possesses the advantages of both.
The hydraulic support is a part of the mining industry equipment in the mine, is used for protection of working environment in the gallery. It works well or bad at work basing on its support mode, frame and some parameters. In the first, the length of every pole of the leading four-bar mechanism are determined by painting,secondly, the base of mechanic model of support-surrounding, the mechanism and loads on the support is decided. The next work, with the condition of the design, the main mechanics of hydraulic support is analyzed and calculated by plane and spatial model. Finally, the under frame, top beam cave shield, wrists and hydraulic column are analyzed by calculation. And draw out all the process drawings.

Key words: chock-shield hydraulic support; canopy; four-bar links; strength

目  录

1支撑掩护式液压支架概述 .............................................1
    1.1 液压支架的用途 ..............................................1
    1.2液压支架的工作原理 ...........................................1
        1.2.1支架升降 ...............................................1
        1.2.2 支架移动和推移输送机.................................. 3
    1.3 液压支架的分类 ..............................................3
    1.4 液压支架的组成 ..............................................4
        1.4.1 顶梁 ..................................................4
        1.4.2 底座 ..................................................5
        1.4.3 立柱.................................................. 5
        1.4.4 掩护梁 ................................................5
        1.4.5 活动侧护板 ............................................5
        1.4.6 连杆 ..................................................6
        1.4.7操纵控制系统 ...........................................6
    1.5 液压支架的设计.............................................. 6
        1.5.1 设计目的.............................................. 6
        1.5.2 对液压支架的基本要求 ..................................6
        1.5.3 设计液压支架必需的基本参数 ............................7
        1.5.4坚硬顶板的液压支架设计 .................................7
    1.6 液压支架的设计动向.......................................... 8
    1.7 液压支架的应用与研究现状 ....................................10
        1.7.1 国外液压支架现状...................................... 10
        1.7.2 国内液压支架现状...................................... 11
    1.8 液压支架的支护方式 ..........................................13
    1.9 液压支架的选型 ..............................................14
    1.10 液压支架的研究与发展趋势 ...................................15
2 液压支架的结构设计 ................................................17
    2.1 液压支架主要尺寸的确定...................................... 17
        2.1.1 支架高度和伸缩比 ......................................17
        2.1.2 支架中心距.............................................18
        2.1.3 顶梁尺寸.............................................. 18
        2.1.4 立柱布置.............................................. 20
        2.1.5 通风断面的积算........................................ 20
    2.2 四连杆机构的确定............................................ 21
        2.2.1四连杆机构的作用....................................... 21
        2.2.2四连杆机构的几何特征................................... 21
        2.2.3四连杆机构的几何作图法................................. 23
        2.2.4底座长度 ...............................................27
    2.3 液压支架的总体布置 ..........................................27
        2.3.1 顶梁 ..................................................27
        2.3.2 底座 ..................................................28
        2.3.3 立柱............................................. .....29
        2.3.4 推移装置.............................................. 30
        2.3.5 护帮千斤顶 ............................................32
    2.4 液压支架性能参数的确定...................................... 33
        2.4.1截割高度 ...............................................33
        2.4.2支护强度和工作阻力..................................... 33
        2.4.3支架宽度 ...............................................34
        2.4.4液压支架的初撑力 .......................................34
        2.4.5液压支架的移架力和推溜力................................35
        2.4.6确定立柱和千斤顶....................................... 35
             2.4.6.1立柱的尺寸 ......................................35
             2.4.6.2立柱的初撑力 ....................................37
             2.4.6.3立柱的工作阻力.................................. 37
        2.4.7移架千斤顶的尺寸....................................... 37
             2.4.7.1移架千斤顶行程.................................. 39
3液压支架的受力分析及校核........................................... 39
    3.1液压支架的工作阻力........................................... 39
    3.2压支架前连杆的受力........................................... 41
    3.3支架后连杆的受力............................................. 41
    3.4顶梁强度计算 .................................................42
        3.4.1顶梁受力情况........................................... 42
        3.4.2 顶梁强度计算 ..........................................43
    3.5掩护梁强度计算............................................... 44
        3.5.1 掩护梁受力情况........................................ 44
        3.5.2掩护梁强度计算 .........................................45
    3.6底座强度计算................................................. 46
        3.6.1 底座受力情况.......................................... 47
        3.6.2 强度计算 ..............................................49
        3.6.3 底座接触比压计算...................................... 50
    3.7立柱强度计算................................................. 51
        3.7.1 立柱参数.............................................. 51
        3.7.2 计算重叠长度.......................................... 52
        3.7.3各种系数的计算 .........................................53
        3.7.4上活柱的强度核算....................................... 55
        3.7.5下活柱的强度核算....................................... 56
        3.7.6缸体强度核算............................................56
        3.7.7立柱的稳定裕量验算..................................... 57
    3.8销轴的设计................................................... 58
4 液压支架的液压系统.................................................58 
    4.2 支架液压阀 ..................................................61
    4.3 液压系统安装、调试.......................................... 63
        4.3.1 安装.................................................. 63
            4.3.1.1液压管道的安装要求 ...............................63
            4.3.1.2液压件安装要求................................... 66
        4.3.2 调试：................................................ 67
5 液压支架的操作和维护.............................................. 67
    5.1 液压支架的操作维护要求...................................... 67
    5.2 液压支架的操作管理事项...................................... 68
    5.3 液压支架维护和管理的具体内容 ................................69
结  论.............................................................. 71
参考文献：.......................................................... 72
英文原文............................................................ 74
中文译文 ............................................................84
致谢 ...............................................................91

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