普通CA6140车床数控化改造

论文编号:JX741  论文字数:19950.页数:37   附CAD图

摘要
 本论文提出将CA6140车床数控化改造，主要是基于目前中国制造业的水平和一些久的利用。近年来，随着国内各种类型机床改造需求的扩大，机床改造已经逐渐形成了一个产业，其中绝大部分是数控机床的改造，也有一部分业务来自非数控机床的升级改造。 目前国内机床数控化率不到3％。
 对普通车床进行数控化改造，主要是将主传动系统和进给系统改为用PLC控制的、能独立运动的进给伺服系统；刀架改造成为能自动换刀的回转刀架。这样，利用数控装置，车床就可以按预先输入的加工指令进行切削加工。由于加工过程中的切削参数，切削次序和刀具都会按程序自动调节和更换，再加上纵向和横向进给联动的功能，数控改装后的车床就可以加工出各种形状复杂的回转零件，并能实现多工序自动车削，从而提高了生产效率和加工精度，也能适应小批量多品种复杂零件的加工。
 对于CA6140车床的改造先从传动入手，改成数控所需要的传动方式，其次在选择电器模块及数控系统，两方面结合来完成对机床的数控化改造。机械方面首先对主传动及进给传动进行改造，然后选择相应的电机，最后对电器控制系统进行选择和设计。
 
 
关键字：      CA6140       数控化       改造       控制

Ordinary CA6140 lathe numerical control transformation

Abstract
 The present paper proposed that the CA6140 lathe numerical control transformation, is mainly based on the present Chinese manufacturing industry level and some long uses. In recent years, transformed the demand along with the domestic various types molding machine bed the expansion, the engine bed transforms gradually had already formed an industry, the major part was numerically-controlled machine tool's transformation, also some part of services from non-numerically-controlled machine tool's promotion transformation. At present domestic engine bed numerical control rate less than 3%.
 Makes the numerical control transformation to the conventional lathe, is mainly changes the master drive system and to feed system with PLC controls, can the independence movement to feed server; The tool rest transforms into can trade knife's turret saddle automatically. Thus, the use numerical control installment, the lathe may according to the processing instruction which inputs in advance carry on the machining. Because in processing process's cutting parameter, the cutting order and the cutting tool can according to the procedure automatic control and the replacement, in addition longitudinal and the cross feed linkage function, after the numerical control re-equips the lathe may process each kind of shape complex rotation components, and can realize the multi-working procedure automatic turning, thus raised the production efficiency and the working accuracy, can also adapt the small batch multi-variety complex parts processing.
 CA6140 lathe for start transmission start, into numerical methods needed to drive, followed by electrical appliances in the choice of modules and control system, combining both to complete the transformation of CNC machine tools. First of all machinery and feed on the main drive to reform drive, and then select the appropriate motor, the last of the electrical control system selection and design.
Keywords:    CA6140      Numerical control      Transform    Control

目  录
中文摘要…………………………………………………………………………………………i
英文摘要………………………………………………………………………………………ii
目录……………………………………………………………………………………………iii
第一章  绪论……………………………………………………………………………………1
 1.1选题的背景与意义……………………………………………………………………1
 1.1.1 选题背景………………………………………………………………………1
 1.1.2 选题意义………………………………………………………………………1
 1.2目前我国制造业的不足与数控化的程度……………………………………………2
 1.3普通机床数控化改造的意义…………………………………………………………3
第二章   设计要求……………………………………………………………………………5
 2.1总体方案及设计要求及其他要求……………………………………………………5
 2.2数控车床的性能和精度的选择………………………………………………………6
第三章   机械部分设计与计算………………………………………………………………7
 3.1几种数控车床主传动系统的比较……………………………………………………7
 3.2主传动机械结构改造设计……………………………………………………………10
 3.3进给系统机械结构改造设计…………………………………………………………12
 3.4进给伺服系统机械部分的计算与选型………………………………………………12
 3.4.4齿轮有关计算…………………………………………………………………18
第四章   电动机的选用与计算………………………………………………………………24
 4.1主轴电机………………………………………………………………………………24
 4.2步进电动机选用的基本原则…………………………………………………………24
 4.2.1步距角α………………………………………………………………………24
 4.2.2精度……………………………………………………………………………24
 4.2.3转矩……………………………………………………………………………24
 4.2.4启动频率………………………………………………………………………25
 4.3步进电动机的选折……………………………………………………………………25
第五章 自动控制系统硬件电路设计…………………………………………………………26
 5.1主轴异步电动机电气控制的设计……………………………………………………26
 5.2刀架电气控制的设计…………………………………………………………………26
 5.3驱动系统的改造设计…………………………………………………………………26
 5.3.1交流伺服驱动单元……………………………………………………………26
 5.3.2步进驱动单元…………………………………………………………………27
 5.4 PLC输入输出…………………………………………………………………………28
第六章 车床改造的结构特点及安装问题……………………………………………………30
 6.1车床改造的结构特点…………………………………………………………………30
 6.1.1滚珠丝杆………………………………………………………………………30
 6.1.2导轨副…………………………………………………………………………30
 6.1.3安装电动卡盘…………………………………………………………………30
 6.1.4脉冲发生器……………………………………………………………………30
 6.2安装调整中应注意的问题……………………………………………………………30
第七章   结论…………………………………………………………………………………31
参考文献………………………………………………………………………………………32
致谢……………………………………………………………………………………………33
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