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论汽车点火系统计算机控制

文档字数:13344,页数:27 有任务书

摘要
传统的汽车点火系统通过白金触点的开合来产生高压火花，由于白金触点容易腐蚀，且点火时间依靠分电器内部离心提前机构和真空提前机构来控制，这种机械构造在使用过程中存在磨损问题，使点火时间发生偏差，无法实现与发动机最佳特性要求的匹配，从而影响发动机的性能。
随着科技的进步，人类对汽车节能，环保，安全，舒适，便捷，及动力性能有了更高更新的要求。汽车点火系统也经历了革命性的变化，由早期的机械式有触点点火系统到无触点晶体管点火系统到电子控制点火系统，目前已经发展为先进的微型电子计算机控制点火系统。
本文基于美国INTEL公司的MCS-51系列单片机的微型电子计算机控制点火系统，能在各种转速范围内定值提供所需的点火电压和点火持续时间；能在不同负荷和转速条件下提供最佳的点火提前角；能把点火时间提前到汽油机刚好不发生爆震的范围。比普通电子点火系统更节省燃油,废气污染更少。着重阐述微型电子计算机控制点火系统的，运行原理，工作特点和实验研究。
首先，本文将概述微机控制点火系统构成。
其次，本文将详细论述微机控制点火系统的基本工作原理。
再次，本文将讲述微机控制点火系统工作特点。
最后，本文将叙述微机控制点火系统的实验研究结果。

关键词：发动机点火系，微型计算机，点火时间，控制

On the computer-controlled auto Electronic-Ignition System

Abstract
Automotive ignition system, through the traditional platinum contacts of the opening and closing to produce high-voltage spark, due to corrosion of platinum contacts easily, and the ignition timing on distributor centrifugal advance within the agencies and institutions to control the vacuum advance, this mechanical structure exists in the course of wear and tear problems, so that ignition timing deviation occurs, can not be achieved with the best characteristics of the engine matches the requirements, thus affecting the engine performance.
As technology advances, the human right vehicle energy saving, environmental protection, safety, comfort, convenience, and power performance have higher update requirements. Automotive ignition system also experienced a revolutionary change, from the early mechanical ignition system with contact to the non-contact transistor ignition system to the electronic control ignition system has now been developed into an advanced micro-computer controlled ignition system.
Based on the U.S. INTEL's MCS-51 series MCU micro computer-controlled ignition system that can be unofficially in a variety of speed range values to provide the necessary ignition voltage and ignition duration; at different load and speed conditions, to provide the best ignition advance angle; be able to advance to the gasoline engine ignition timing is exactly the scope of knock does not occur. Electronic ignition system is more than the average fuel savings, less air pollution. Focuses on the micro-computer controlled ignition system, operation principle, work characteristics and experimental research.
First of all, this article constitutes an overview of computer-controlled ignition system.
Secondly, this article will detail the basic computer-controlled ignition system works.
Again, this article describes the work characteristics of computer-controlled ignition system.
Finally, the paper will describe the computer-controlled ignition system of the experimental findings.

Key words: The engine ignition system, micro-computers, ignition timing, control

目录
1 绪论………………………………………………………..………………..……………1
1.1 课题背景及目的……………………………………………………………………1
1.2 国内外研究状况……………………………………………………………………1
1.3 课题研究方法………………………………………………………………………2
1.4 文档构成及研究内容………………………………………………………………2
2 微机控制点火系统构成…………………………...………………………. …. …....….3
2.1 微处理机（ECU）………………………..………………………………………...3
2.2 点火线圈……………………………………………………………...…….……...4
2.3 火花塞工作原理……………………………………………………………….…..5
3 微机控制点火系统基本原理….………………………………………………………...8
3.1 基础知识………………..…………………………………………………………..8
3.1.1 点火电压的要求及影响因素………………….…………………………...8
3.1.2 点火能量的要求及影响因素……….……………………………………...8
3.1.3 点火时间的要求及影响因素……….……………………………………...8
3.2 微机控制点火系统原理分析 …………………………….….……………………..9
3.2.1 点火时间的控制原理…………………….………………………………...9
3.2.2 点火时间的控制方法………………………………………………………12
3.2.3 点火控制程序设计…………………………………………………………13
3.2.4 高压输出……………………………………………………………………16
3.3 注意事项……………………….……………………………………….……………18
3.3.1 使用注意事项….……………………………………...…….………………18
3.3.2 检修注意事项….……………………………………...…….………………18
3.4 微机控制点火系统常见故障的判断与排除………………..…...…….……………19
3.4.1 故障分类….………………………………...……...……. …………………19
3.4.2 点火系不工作….……………………………...……...……. ………………20
3.4.3 点火时间过早….……………………………...……...……. .………………20
3.4.4 点火时间过迟….……………………………...……...……. .………………20
3.4.5 火花塞故障….……………………………...……...….…. ………………20
3.4.6 发动机回火和放炮….………………….…………...……...…….....………20
3.4.7 发动机爆震和过热….……………………………....……...…….....………21
4 微机控制点火系统工作特点…………………………………………………………....22
5 微机控制点火系统实验研究……………………………………………….…………...24
结论…………………………………………………………………………………………..25
致谢…………………………………………………………………………………………..26
参考文献……………………………………………………………………………………..27

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