对文本《活着》的解读

论文编号:HY086  论文字数:6901,页数:08

摘  要：余华的《活着》自问世以来，反响强烈，获得过国内外多项大奖，被翻译成多种文字，赢得了各国读者的广泛好评。这部演绎“未知生，焉知死”[1]的作品，脱离了我们习以为常的生活表层，以客观叙述的角度，进而探讨人人都要面临的生存问题。主人公福贵在经历了一系列不幸后之后，对死亡渐渐麻木。福贵坦然面对死亡的超然态度，披露了存在主义的乐观性；同样是讲述福贵面临生死问题的同名电影，张艺谋则把审视人生的重心放在了时代背景上，对当时的政治给予高度审视；张艺谋在电影中加入了皮影戏，影射主人公的人生如戏；由于电影中的重点在于政治，因此对人生的悲剧性的关注度降低，电影中的主人公在苦难的同时得以享受生活的快乐；两个文本的福贵形象各有千秋，又有着相似性。两个福贵形象相互辉映，成为一个新的形象。

关键词：《活着》；福贵；存在主义；悲剧性

The Understanding of the Texts Living

Abstract: Since the author YuHua's works Living has been published, gets a great echo, and acquires many great awards in domestic and overseas. This book is translated into various foreign languages, wins widely good comment from readers all over the world. This works deduces that "one do not know the living, then how to know the death ".[1] And it escapes from the surface of the life which we are accustomed to ,then discusses the survival problem which everyone must face from a object point of view. The protagonist FuGui is gradually numb to death after a series of unfortunate experience. The detached attitude that FuGui takes to death exposes the optimism of existentialism; compared to the same name movie, it also depicts FuGui faces the survival problem, but Zhang Yimou puts the center of gravity on the social background of that times, the movie scans carefully to political status of that times ;Zhang Yimou accedes the shadow play into movie, it alludes the life is just like a drama; this movie focuses on politics, so decreases the attention on tragedy of life, protagonist of movie suffers tribulation, but at the same time he enjoys the joy of life; the images of FuGui from two texts each has his own strong point, and also have some resemblances; the two FuGuis reflect each other, create a new image. 
 Key words: Living; FuGui; Existentialism; Tragedy

目  录
 
前言……………………………………………………………………………………1
一、小说文本中生活在苦难中的福贵形象……………………………………… 1
（一）小说的叙述方式………………………………………………………………1
（二）福贵形象表现出的存在主义哲学思想………………………………………1
二、电影文本中的痛并快乐着的福贵形象…………………………………………2
（一）政治运动与家庭密切关系……………………………………………………2
 1、有庆之死………………………………………………………………………2
 2、凤霞之死………………………………………………………………………3
 3、细节方面………………………………………………………………………3
（二）皮影戏的寓意…………………………………………………………………3
（三）苦中之乐………………………………………………………………………4
三、两个文本中的福贵形象之比较 ………………………………………………4
（一）不同之处………………………………………………………………………5
（二）相同之处………………………………………………………………………5
结 论 …………………………………………………………………………………6
参考文献………………………………………………………………………………7
致 谢 …………………………………………………………………………………8

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