论美国宪法中的违宪审查

文档编号:FY049  字数:14050,页数:21

摘  要
 
 宪法是国家的根本大法，是法治国家法律体系的核心，在一国法律体系中居于最高地位。宪法能否在国家生活中被贯彻实施，直接关系到一国的法治状况和法律运行环节的完善与否。违宪审查随着宪法的产生与实施而出现，对保证宪法的贯彻实施具有重要作用。现代法治国家纷纷建立了适合本国国情的违宪审查机制。
 伴随着1982年宪法的颁布，我国建立了以立法机关审查模式的法律监督制度。不可否认，我国目前违宪审查制度的实践效果并不理想。甚至有学者认为，从严格的意义上说，我国并不存在违宪审查制度。笔者将从对美国违宪审查制度的探究入手，从理论和实践两个层面进行剖析，重点分析美国违宪审查制度的建设。
关键词：违宪审查 司法审查 宪法 分权制衡
  
  

Discuss the System for the Review of Constitutionality in U.S. Federal Constitution
ABSTRACT
 
    The constitution is the fundamental law of the State, is a core rule of law legal system, is a legal system in a country living in the highest. Can the constitution of the implementation of national life is directly related to the status of a country’s rule of law and legal aspects of the perfect running or not. Judicial Review with the creation and implementation of the constitution appears in guaranteeing the implementation of the constitution play an important role. Countries have established the modern rule of law for constitutional review mechanism to their national conditions.
    With the promulgation of the constitution of 1982, China established a legislative review of model system of legal supervision.Undeniably, the current practice of constitutional review system was not ideal. Some scholars even believe that our system of constitutional review does not exist. I will on the judicial system to start exploring, from the theoretical and practical level for analysisi.Analysis for the Judicial system of the building, compare the Judicial Review System of China and the Judicial Review System of U.S.
Keywords：review of constitutionality  judicial review  constitution  checks and balance
 
 
 

目  录
 
 摘  要 I
 ABSTRACT II
 1引言 1
 2美国违宪审查制度的建立 2
 2.1美国宪法的创设 2
 2.1.1三权分立在美国宪法中的地位 3
 2.1.2值得一提的司法权 3
 2.2联邦最高法院司法审查权的确立 4
 3美国违宪审查制度的运作及特点 6
 3.1美国违宪审查制度的运作 6
 3.2美国违宪审查制的特点 6
 3.3美国违宪审查在现实生活中的作用 7
 4浅谈对美国违宪审查制度的思考 9
 4.1美国违宪审查制度的优越性 9
 4.2美国违宪审查制度出现的可能性与必然性 9
 4.3美国违宪审查制度对美国社会的重要性 10
 5从美国违宪审查看中国的宪法监督 11
 5.1中国是否存在违宪审查制度 11
 5.2从法理学角度看美国违宪审查制度的可移植性 11
 5.3为什么在我国不能实行美国式的违宪审查 12
 6结语 13
 参考文献 14
 谢辞 15

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