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论我国民事诉讼中的调解制度

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摘要
我国现行的民事诉讼调解制度继承和发扬了传统并不断发展和完善，己经成为颇具中国特色的社会主义法律制度之一。其体现出的追求和谐、秩序和稳定的价值趋向对于维护社会稳定，加强社会主义民主和法制建设，实现国家的长治久安发挥了巨大的作用，被西方国家赞誉为“东方经验”。本文对我国民事诉讼中调解制度的研究，首先从调解制度的概念和性质入手，然后回顾调解制度的历史沿革，接着提出当前的司法审判中调解制度存在的价值，正因其具有存在价值，才不能被削弱或者取消。而应当在在揭示现行调解制度存在弊端以及借鉴国外的相关制度的基础上对其进行改革和完善，同时就如何改革和完善提出建议和设想。最后从实践的角度出发，提出自己的改革观点，以期在保持法律的稳定性和连续性与适应社会和经济的迅速发展变化所产生的影响之间寻求最佳契合点和平衡点，从而树立了法律的极大权威，推动我国依法治国进程的顺利进行。

关键词:调解制度纠纷解决调审分离制度改革

On Mediation System of Civil Procedure in China

Abstract
The current mediation system of civil procedure in China inherited and developed the tradition and was further improved, which has been one of the law system of socialism with Chinese characteristics. It presents the value tendency of pursuing harmony, order and Stability which will play a great role in maintaining social stability, strengthening socialist democracy and legal system and realizing permanent stability of the nation. It is regarded as "the eastern experiences" by western country. Research on mediation system of civil procedure in China in this paper, firstly, starting with the basic concept and properties of mediation system; secondly, reviewing its historical evolution; thirdly, presenting its existing value in current judicial judgement, which should not be weaken or abolish as its existing value. We should reform and perfect the mediation system of civil procedure in China on the Basis of revealing its existing disadvantages and referring to relative systems abroad, meanwhile giving the suggestions and ideas for how to do it. At last, in order to searching the best consilience and balance between keeping the stability and the continuity of law and keeping up with the change of the social and economical development and its effects, we put forward our points of view of reforming mediation system of civil procedure in China in the view of practice, thus helping to build the authority of law and pushing the process of rule by law forward smoothly.

Key words: Mediation System, Dispute Resolution, Separation of Mediation and

摘要……………………………………………………………………………… Ⅰ
Abstract…………………………………………………………………………… Ⅱ
前言…………………………………………………………………………………1
一、调解制度概述…………………………………………………………………… 2
（一）调解制度的概念和性质……………………………………………………2
（二）调解制度的历史沿革………………………………………………………2
（三）调解制度的存在价值………………………………………………………3
二、现行调解制度存在的弊端的分析………………………………………………5
（一）立法上的不完善……………………………………………………………5
查明事实、分清是非原则的误区…………………………………………………5
2、法律规定上的漏洞造成了当事人滥用反悔权……………………………………5
3、调解的监督机构不健全……………………………………………………………5
（二）实务中的缺陷………………………………………………………………6
1、自愿原则与司法强制性的矛盾……………………………………………………6
2、调解适用的范围过宽………………………………………………………………6
三、我国民事调解制度与境外相关制度的比较借鉴………………………………7
（一）其他国家和地区的民事调解制度……………………………………………7
1、日本的民事调停……………………………………………………………………7
2、台湾的诉前调停……………………………………………………………………7
3、美国的“附设在法院的调停(mediation)” ……………………………………7
（二）其他国家和地区的诉讼和解制度……………………………………………8
1、英、美两国的诉讼和解制度………………………………………………………8
2、德、日和台湾地区的诉讼和解制度………………………………………………8
3、法国的诉讼和解制度………………………………………………………………8
四、完善我国民事诉讼调解制度的构想……………………………………………10
（一）调解原则的规制………………………………………………………………10
1、确立自愿原则为基本原则………………………………………………………10
2、对调解制度合法原则的重新解读………………………………………………10
3、重新理解“在事实清楚的基础上分清是非”的原则…………………………10
（二）构建当事人主义的调解制度…………………………………………………11
1．建立民事诉讼调解书面申请制度………………………………………………11
2．在民事调解过程中，置法官以中立、公正和消极的地位……………………11
（三）确定民事调解的范围…………………………………………………………12
（四）完善对民事调解的审判监督…………………………………………………13
结论 ………………………………………………………………………………14
参考文献 ……………………………………………………………………………15
致谢 ………………16

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