论刑事诉讼中财产权的保障

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摘    要
      财产权不仅是人权的重要组成部分，也是人权其他部分得以实现的重要保障。加强人权保障，这是刑事诉讼法的发展方向，而且，刑事诉讼法既有保障财产权的一面，也有对财产权构成威胁的一面，加强刑事诉讼法的财产权保障功能，应当是刑事诉讼法的发展方向之一。我国刑事诉讼法向来侧重于犯罪行为人刑事责任的追究，而对于财产权的保障缺乏关注，导致我国刑事诉讼的侦查程序与有关涉案财产处理程序上存在诸多问题。现在，随着刑事诉讼人权保障功能的重视，犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的人身权利保障日益受到重视，但相关人员的合法财产权的保障仍然成为问题。在国外，由于向来注重公民个人财产权的保障，不管是大陆法系国家还是英美法系国家的刑事诉讼，都比较重视对财产权的保障，对财产权的保障要求被视为刑事诉讼正当程序的基本要求之一，在审前侦查程序、公诉程序以及审判程序都比较注重对相关财产权的保障。目前，财产权在我国越来越受到重视，刑事诉讼程序的设计也应当体现这一点。为此，我们应当根据我国的国情，借鉴国外的有益立法经验与实践，通过限制司法机关的部分权力，赋予涉案财产合法持有人应有的权利、强化涉案财物处分程序的正当化来完善刑事诉讼程序对财产权的保障。

关键词：刑事诉讼 财产权 涉案财物 保障

Abstract
Property right is not only an important part of human rights, but also is a very important guarantee to realize the other parts of human rights. Strengthening human rights protection is the development direction of the criminal procedure law. Moreover, the criminal procedure law not only protects property rights, but poses a threat to them. It should be one of the development directions of the criminal procedure law to strengthen the function of the guarantee on property right. The criminal responsibility investigation of the criminals is emphasized in criminal procedure law of our country, but the guarantee on property right is usually neglected, which result in some problems that investigation procedure and the processing program of the property involved in the case in criminal procedure law of our country. Nowadays, with the attention to the function of human rights protection in criminal procedure, the suspects and the personal rights of defendants are increasingly concerned, but there are still some problems in the protection of legal property rights of related people. In overseas, the protection of property right of individual citizens has always been emphasized, so they all pay attention to it whatever the criminal procedure of the civil law countries or the common law system countries. The requirement of the protection of property right is considered as one of the basic requirement of due process of criminal procedure. And just because of it, pretrial investigation procedure，the procedure of public litigation and the trial procedure all pay attention to the protection of the property right comparatively. In recent years, the property right has been emphasized more and more, so the design of criminal procedure should also present it. Therefore, according to the situation of our country, we should endow deserved right with the property of lawful holder involved in case by using the valuable legislative experience and practice of other countries for reference and limiting the part of right of judicial office. Meanwhile, we should improve the protection of property right of criminal procedure by strengthening the justification of measures procedure of property involved in case.
Key words: Criminal Procedure; Property rights; Property in involved cases; Guarantee

目   录
摘   要 ......................................................I
Abstract .....................................................II
前言......................................................... 1
第一章  人权、财产权与刑事诉讼 ...............................2
一、人权 .....................................................2
（一）人权的概念 .............................................2
（二）财产权与人权的关系 .....................................2
二、刑事诉讼与财产权......................................... 3
（一）刑事诉讼对财产权的保障性 ...............................3
（二）刑事诉讼对财产权的威胁性............................... 4
第二章  我国刑事诉讼法与财产权保障 ...........................6
一、侦查程序与财产权保障问题 .................................6
二、对涉案财物处理程序与财产权保障问题 .......................7
（二）检察机关对涉案财物处理程序中存在的问题................. 8
（三）审判机关对涉案财物处理程序中存在的问题 .................9
第三章  国外相关立法与实践................................... 10
一、美国 .....................................................10
（一）侦查措施的抑制 .........................................10
（二）裁判程序的保障 .........................................10
二、德国 .....................................................11
（一）侦查措施的抑制 .........................................11
（二）裁判程序的保障 .........................................12
三、日本 .....................................................12
（一）侦查措施的抑制 .........................................12
（二）裁判程序的保障 .........................................13
四、比较与分析 ...............................................13
第四章  我国刑事诉讼财产权保障措施的构建 .....................15
一、侦查程序保障措施的构建................................... 15
二、涉案财物处理程序中保障措施的构建......................... 16
（一）撤销案件中的保障措施................................... 16
（二）不起诉中的保障措施 .....................................16
（三）审判过程中的保障措施 ...................................17
结  语 .......................................................19
参考文献 .....................................................20

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