论我国犯罪被害人的国家救助

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摘    要
      自二十世纪六七十年代以来，国家对犯罪被害人进行救助成为当今世界刑事司法政策的普遍潮流。相比之下，我国对犯罪被害人的国家救助基本还是空白。因此，建立适合我国国情的犯罪被害人国家救助制度已成为现实迫切的需要。通过对我国犯罪被害人现状的分析，以国家责任论并兼采社会福利论的合理因素为理论基础，立足于及时补偿原则和适当补偿原则，从救助对象、范围、资金来源和机关等方面对我国犯罪被害人的国家救助进行制度设计。

关键字：犯罪被害人   国家救助    制度设计

On the state assistance of crime victim in China

Abstract
Since the 1960s, the state assistance has been becoming the general tendency of criminal judicial policy in world. At present, the state assistance of crime victim system in China has not yet to be established. Therefore, China should establish the state assistance of crime victim system as soon as possible. According to our state of the crime victim in China, the state assistance is based on the states responsibility theory and the reasonable factor which the social welfare theory. The state assistance of principle should be prompt compensation principle and just compensation principle. The state assistance are consisted of the assistance object，the scope，the source of founds, the assistance way, organization and so on.

Key words: victim of crime, state assistance , system design

目    录
摘  要..................................................................Ⅱ
ABSTRACT ...............................................................Ⅲ
引  言..................................................................1
一、我国犯罪被害人救助的司法现状 .......................................2
二、国外犯罪被害人国家救助的理论与国外救助制度模式......................4
（一）救助理论…… .....................................................4
1.国家责任论............................................................4
2.社会保险论............................................................4
3.社会福利论............................................................4
（二）救助制度措施......................................................5
三、我国犯罪被害人国家救助的制度设计....................................7
（一）救助原则..........................................................7
1.及时救助原则..........................................................7
2.适当补偿原则..........................................................7
（二）救助对象..........................................................7
1.犯罪被害人遭受的是暴力犯罪的侵害，对受其他犯罪侵害的要严格限制........8
2.遭受犯罪侵害后无法从犯罪人处得到赔偿或赔偿极度不足而使生活陷入严重困难的犯罪被害人及其近亲属......................................................................8
3.犯罪被害人必须无明显过错..............................................8
（三）救助的范围........................................................8
（四）救助的方式........................................................9
（五）救助的资金来源....................................................9
（六）救助的机关与救助程序..............................................9
结  论..................................................................11
参考文献................................................................12
致谢...................................................................13

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