公众人物人格权保护的限制

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摘要
公众人物是指在一定时期、一定地域内，众所周知并且与公共利益密切相关的人物。公众人物人格权的特殊性表现在权利冲突的剧烈性和与公共利益的相关性两个方面。限制公众人物人格权的法理在于维护公共利益。这是由权利的相互性和法律的局限性决定的。然而，权利之间是平等的，都需要法律的保护。对公众人物人格权进行限制的对象仅限于关涉到公共利益的那部分人格权，包括隐私权、名誉权、肖像权和姓名权。本文借鉴国外经验并结合我国国情，提出限制公众人物人格权的具体原则：人格尊严不受侵犯原则、分层次限制原则、公共利益原则及实质恶意原则。

关键词：公众人物   人格权   限制    范围     适用原则

Abstract
Public figures is that in a certain period of time, certainly in the region, as we all know and the public interest and is closely related to the figures. Personality of public figures in the performance of the special nature of the rights of the fierce conflict with public interests and the relevance of the two areas. Restrictions on public figures of the right to legal personality is in the public interest. This is from the mutual rights and legal limitations of the decision. However, between the rights are equal, are in need of legal protection. Personality of public figures to limit the right to the object of public interest concerning a limited to that part of moral rights, including privacy, reputation right and portrait right name. This paper learn from foreign experience combined with China's national conditions and restrictions on public figures by the personality of the specific principles: the principle of the inviolability of human dignity, the level of restrictions on principle, the principle of public interest and the principle of real malice.

Key words: Public figures；Human dignity rights；Restrictions；Range；
Applicable principles

目  录

摘  要 .....................................................Ⅱ
ABSTRACT ...................................................Ⅲ
引  言 ......................................................1
一、公众人物及其人格权的特殊性.............................. 2
（一）公众人物的界定和分类 ..................................2
1.公众人物的界定.............................................2
2.公众人物的分类 ............................................3
（二）公众人物人格权的特殊性 ................................4
1.权利冲突的剧烈性 ..........................................4
2.与公共利益的相关性 ........................................5
二、限制公众人物人格权的法理依据 ............................6
（一）现有理论及评析........................................ 6
1.公共利益理论...............................................6
2.公众合理兴趣理论 ..........................................6
3.事业相关性理论 ............................................7
4.利益均衡理论...............................................7
5.权利义务对等理论...........................................8
（二）结论...................................................9
三、限制公众人物人格权的范围及原则 .........................10
（一）限制的范围 ...........................................10
1.隐私权....................................................10
2.名誉权 ...................................................10
3.肖像权....................................................11
4.姓名权 ...................................................11
（二）限制的原则............................................11
1.人格尊严不受侵犯原则 .....................................11
2.公共利益原则..............................................12
3.分层次限制原则 ...........................................12
4.失职恶意原则 .............................................12
结  论 .....................................................13
参考文献 ...................................................14
致 谢 ......................................................15
附 录...................................................... 16

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