“无讼”与中国古代司法

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摘要
中国古人对传统法律文化价值的追求是“无讼”。“无讼”在传统中国的产生有其深刻的历史渊源。中国古人对自然秩序和谐的追求，家国同构的社会结构及儒家主导下的政治法律秩序是“无讼”产生的原因。作为本土资源的“无讼”，在两千多年的中国法律文化下延绵、浸淫，对我国的司法产生了深远的影响。中国古人对“无讼”理想的追求促成我国产生特有的调处制度，影响我国诉讼制度的设计，古代官员处理案件的方式方法，及统治者的立法政策。历朝历代以来虽然“无讼”理想并没有在中国社会真正的实现过，但中国古人却从来没有放弃过为实现“无讼”理想的努力。在“无讼”产生，发展和演变的漫长历程中有着丰富的思想内涵，“无讼”观念也就产生了积极和消极的意义和影响。无疑，“无讼”观念的意义和影响对今天中国的司法仍然有影响，我们应当借鉴它的合理之处来构建我国法治和谐社会。

关键词：无讼  古代司法  影响

THE CONCEPTION OF NON-SUITLAW AND ANCIENT CHINESE JUSTICE
Abstract
The ideal of non-lawsuit had always been an ideal pursued by the Chinese traditional legal culture. The emergence of non-lawsuit in traditional China has a long history. To strive for harmonious nature order, to establish a social structure of family and nation isomorphism, to use Confucian to control a political law order all contributed to the appearance of the concept non-lawsuit. As local resource, non-lawsuit has a great effect on Chinese justice. The chase for the ideal of non-lawsuit helped to form, mediation system, which is an peculiar ideal of china, influenced the design of Chinese lawsuit system and methods judges’ on dealing with lawsuit. In addition, in order to build an ideal society of non-lawsuit the antiquity government put emphasis on the guidance of the public.  Although the goal of society without lawsuit has never been reached till now, the past Chinese has never give up the effort to realize the ideal of non-lawsuit. With the emergence and development of concept non-lawsuit stores various mental thought. Thus non-lawsuit ideal has both positive and negative influence. There is no doubt that the ideal of non-lawsuit now still have significant affected on Chinese justice. Hence, it is necessary for us to draw lessons from ideal of non-lawsuit and to establish a harmonious society ruled by law.  

Keywords:   Non-lawsuit, Ancient justice, Influence

目  录
摘要................................................................. II
Abstract.......................................................... . III
引言 ................................................................. 1
一、无讼观念产生的原因.................................................2
（一）对自然秩序和谐的追求 ............................................2
（二）家国同构的社会结构 ............................................. 3
（三）儒家主导的政治法律秩序的要求................................  ...4
二、无讼思想对我国古代司法的影响 ......................................7
（一）对无讼理想的追求促成了调处制度的产生.............................7
1．民间调处 .......................................................... 7
2．官府调处..........................................................  8
（二）无讼思想影响了诉讼制度的设计 ................................... 9
（三）无讼思想影响了古代官员处理案件的方法方式 .......................11
1.拒绝受理和拖延审理 .................................................11
2.亲情化的结案方式 ...................................................12
3.“和稀泥”的结案方式................................................12
4.判决不严格的依照法律................................................13
（四）无讼思想影响了统治者的法律政策 ................................ 13
三、无讼观念的意义与影响............................................. 15
（一）无讼观念的积极意义和影响 .......................................15
（二）无讼观念消极的意义和影响......................................  16
结语 ................................................................ 19
参考文献............................................................  20
致谢 ............................................................. ...21

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