探析中国双边投资条约的新实践——以国民待遇为视角

探析中国双边投资条约的新实践——以国民待遇为视角

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摘要
双边投资条约是国际投资法的重要渊源，是当今各国采用得最多的一种缔约形式。投资待遇是其中的价值原点和核心问题，而国民待遇又是投资待遇中不可缺少的一部分。在投资领域中，国民待遇一般是指缔约一方给予缔约另一方投资者在其境内的投资及与投资有关的活动应不低于其给予本国投资者的投资及与投资有关的活动的待遇。各国缔结的双边投资条约无论有多复杂，其主要内容都是围绕投资者及其投资所享有的待遇来展开的。本文拟运用比较归纳的方法，对中国近年来所缔结的双边投资条约中的国民待遇的发展变化进行一定的分析。本文将从双边投资条约中国民待遇的概述着手，从国民待遇的两个阶段，即外资准入阶段和后外资运营阶段进行分析。在此基础上，对国民待遇在晚近时期国际双边投资条约中的发展进行系统归纳，为后文中国双边投资条约中国民待遇问题的分析提供一个大背景。文章重点分析我国双边投资条约中国民待遇标准发展的状况，将传统双边投资条约与近年来新签订的双边投资条约中的国民待遇进行比较分析，总结国民待遇在今后中国缔结的双边投资协定中的发展趋势并提出笔者的一点建议。
关键词：国民待遇；双边投资条约；准入前国民待遇；准入后国民待遇

Abstract
The Bilateral Investment Treaty is the most important legal origin of international investment legislation, and it is respectively used in many countries as a contracting form in recent years. Investment treatment is the key figure in the Bilateral Investment Treaty, of which national treatment is considered as a necessary part. In ordinary circumstances, national treatment means that one party should give the other the same investment treatment in investment realm. Whatever the Bilateral Investment Treaty present great complexity, the major content is all about the investment treatment. This article is intended to try a method of induction to research the changes which has happened about the national investment in China's lately contracted treaties.
This article begins with the conclusion of national treatment in the Bilateral Investment Treaty, and then the two periods, the post-establishment national treatment and the pre-establishment national treatment in international treatment are followed to be analysed. On the basis, the writer systematic conducts the practices about national treatment of the recent international investment treaties. And the purpose about all of this is to show a historical background for the study. The key point in this article is the analysis of national treatment between the past and the present in Bilateral Investment Treaties in China. In a word, the writer tries to summarize the development tendency of national treatment in the future Bilateral Investment Treaties in China and wants to give some personal suggestions.
Key word: National Treatment，Bilateral Investment Treaty，Post-Establishment National Treatment，Pre-Establishment National Treatment

目录
摘要 .............................................................................Ⅱ
Abstract....................................................................... Ⅲ
引言............................................................................ 1
一、国民待遇概述 ..................................................................2
（一）国际投资待遇................................................................ 2
（二）外资国民待遇的适用阶段............................................ 2
1. 外资运营阶段国民待遇........................................................ 3
2. 外资准入阶段国民待遇 ........................................................3
二、晚近国际双边投资条约中国民待遇的发展 ..................3
（一）国际双边投资条约的新动向.........................................3
（二）国际双边投资条约中国民待遇标准的实践 ................4
1. 不完全的准入后国民待遇 ....................................................4
2. 完全的准入后国民待遇.........................................................5
3. 不完全的准入前国民待遇 ....................................................5
4. 完全的准入前国民待遇 ........................................................5
三、中国双边投资条约中国民待遇标准的新实践 ..............5
（一）中国20世纪90年代双边投资条约中的国民待遇 ........5
（二）21世纪后中国双边投资条约中的国民待遇................ 6
结语 ......................................................... 9
致谢..........................................................................10

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