8751H单片机控制步进电机

论文编号:JD746  论文字数:21544,页数:50

摘    要
单片机是把主要的计算机功能部件都集成在一块芯片上的微型计算机。它是一种集微处理器和多种接口于一体的微控制器，被广泛应用在智能产品和工业自动化上，而51单片机是个单片机中最为典型和最有代表性的一种。我的设计就是以MCS—51系列中的8751H为核心，与键盘、显示器连接，通过调节脉冲信号频率，进而实现对步进电动机转速的控制。
步进电机是一种易于精确控制的电机,由于其良好的性能而受到广泛的应用。其控制方法也多种多样。8751H为核心的微机控制调速器很好解决了各种控制技术问题。整个系统结构 简单。通过改变软件设计，可灵活地实现各种控制功能。我选择的控制方法：对单片机8751H进行编程,实现对四相步进电机的控制,以达到精确定位的目的。使8751H单片机并行口P1口高四位P1.7～P1.4 分别与驱动电路的接口A、B、C、D 相连,并使驱动电路的4 个输出引脚分别与步进电机的4 、3 、2 、1四个励磁线圈的引脚相连。通过对单片机进行编程,使数据从P1口的高四位输出经驱动电路放大后控制步进电机,使其按照单片机编写的程序按步骤的进行正序旋转或逆序旋转。
设计时考虑到CPU在执行指令时可能受到干扰的冲击,导致程序”跑飞”或者进入”死循环”,因此,设计了看门狗电路,使用的是MAXIM公司生产的微处理系统监控集成芯片MAXI813。
本文还详细地给出了相关的硬件框图和软件流程图，并编制了该汇编语言程序。

关键字：8751H；步进电动机；单片机控制；

 
Abstract
The single chip microcomputer is the microcomputer,which intergrates the main computer function part on a chip.It is a microcontroller which is a collection of microprocessor and many kinds of interfaces in a body, which is widely applied in the intelligent product and in the industrial automation, but 51 SCM is the most typical and the most repesentative one kind in SCM. This design takes MCS-51series 8751H as a core, connects with the keyboard and the monitor, adjusts the pulse signal frequency, then realizes the stepping motor speed control.
The stepping motor is a kind of motor easy to control.It is used widely for its property.There are many ways to control the stepping motor. The Microcomputer control speed regulator taking 8751H as a core solves the diversifyed kind of controltechnic. The whole system structure is simple. Diversified kind of control function is realized flexibly by changing software design. My design method is programming with SCM 8751H, realizing the control of the stepping motor in order to achieve the accurate orientation.Connect the high four bits P1.7～P1.4 of 8751H’s parallel P1 with driver circuit interface four input pins A,B,C,D repectively, and connect the output pins of the driver circuit with the four input exciting coil pins of the stepping motor. Programming to SCM makes the data output of  the high four bits to control the stepping motor after amplified by the driver circuit, which makes the stepping motor rotate clockwise and anticlockwise.
The possible impacts during the CPU operation which leads the “running out”,or “death cycle”of program are taken into consideration.Therefore,the”watchdog”circuit is designed using microprocessor integrated chip MAXI813 produced by United States MAXIM.
 This article in detail has given the related hardware diagram and the software fiow chart,and has established this assembly language procedure.
 
The keyword :8751H；stepping motor； SCM control

目 录
摘    要 I
Abstract II
第1章 引言 1
第2章 概述 3
第3章 主要器件介绍 6
3.1单片机(8751)系统简介 6
3.1.1 CPU结构 7
3.1.2 I/O接口线 9
3.1.3 定时器/计数器T0、T1 10
3.1.4 存储器 13
3.1.5地址锁存器74LS373 15
3.2 8255芯片介绍 15
3.2.1 8255 内部结构 15
3.2.2引脚功能 16
3.2.3工作方式 17
第4章 步进电动机 19
4.1步进电动机的结构 19
4.2 步进电动机的工作原理 19
4.3 步进电动机的工作方式 20
4.4步进电动机的驱动 21
第5章 硬件设计 23
5.1步进电动机的单片机控制 23
5.1.1步进电动机的通电顺序状态表 24
5.2 键盘和显示设计 24
5.2.1键盘 24
5.2.2显示 25
5.3电源电路设计 26
5.4抗干扰设计 27
5.5看门狗电路 28
5.5.1 MAX813L功能简介 29
5.5.2 看门狗电路各引脚功能 29
第6章 软件设计 31
6.1汇编语言程序设计 31
6.2 主程序 33
6.3键盘扫描程序 35
6.4显示程序 39
第7章 结论 41
参 考 文 献 42
致    谢 43
附    录 程序流程图 44

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