我国小微企业融资难问题及其对策研究

内 容 摘 要

小微企业是我国国民经济发展中的一支活跃的力量。有数据表明，目前各种所有制和组织形式的小微企业及个体经营户已经成为我国国民经济的重要组成部分。总体来看，我国小微企业约占国民经济30%左右。促进小微企业发展对我国的经济增长、劳动就业以及全面构建和谐社会具有重大而深远的战略意义。

 随着我国经济总量的快速增长和经济格局的深入调整，小微企业的重要性日  益凸显，然而小微企业融资困难的问题依然不同程度地存在着，进而制约着各地经济的发展，特别是对欠发达地区的发展。目前，关于小微企业融资分析多包含在中小企业融资问题的研究中。本文试图摆脱中小企业研究的传统模式，明确小微企业概念，理清小微企业与中小企业的区别，从而单独进行论述，找出解决小微企业资金短缺问题，破解融资困境。

[关键词]：国民经济；经济总量；融资问题

目       录

1  导语····························································1

1.1  我国小微企业融资概述·····································3

1.1.1我国小微企业界定···································3

1.2  我国小微企业特征·········································5

1.2.1投资主体和组织形式多元化···························5

1.2.2出资来源和形式多元化·······························5

1.2.3生产销售灵活化·····································5

1.2.4内部管理松散·······································5

1.3  融资相关概念 ············································6

1.3.1融资的定义·········································6

1.3.2小微企业融资的定义·································6

1.3.3融资方式···········································6

2  我国小微企业融资的现状··········································6

2.1   融资结构来源不合理，甚至畸形····························6

2.2   融资成本过高，困境加剧··································6

2.3   非正式金融融资比例大风险高······························7

3  我国小微企业融资难原因分析······································7

3.1   小微企业自身方面·········································7

      3.1.1小微企业规模小，实力弱，经营风险高·················8

3.1.2小微企业财务制度不规范，信息透明度低，信用观念不强·8

3.2   金融机构方面············································8

      3.2.1银行方面···········································9

3.2.2证劵机构方面·······································9

3.2.3信用担保体系方面···································9

3.3   政府方面···············································10

3.3.1缺乏公平竞争的融资环境和法律法规保障··············10

3.3.2政策性金融机构支持乏力····························10

3.3.4法律方面··········································11

4   国外破解小微企业融资困境的成功经验启示························11

4.1   日本的成功经验及启示···································11

      4.1.1日本的成功经验····································12

4.1.2小微企业管理机构体系非常健全······················12

4.1.3成立促进小微企业发展互助基金······················12

4.1.4完善的法律保障体系································13

4.2   日本成功经验的启示·····································13

4.3   孟加拉国成功经验的启示·································13

5   小微企业融资对策及建议········································14

5.1   小微企业自身方面·······································14

5.1.1强化企业信用观念，构筑良好银企关系·················15

5.1.2要规范企业财务制度································15

5.1.3小微企业要提高自身竞争能力························15

5.2   金融机构方面···········································15

5.3   政府方面···············································16

5.4   法律法规方面···········································16