大功率电器智能识别与用电安全控制器 二

文档字数:22893,页数:54  附任务书，开题报告，文献综述

大功率电器智能识别与安全用电控制器的设计

 摘 要：针对宿舍用电管理及用电安全存在的种种问题，设计了一个以单片机为核心能自动识别大功率电器并能限制其使用的智能用电控制系统。系统用电流互感器采集主电路中的电流信号，经过信号调理、串行A/D芯片TLC2543进行A/D转换，将采样值送入单片机对其进行处理。根据功率最小禁用电器接入时，设定单个电器的上限值（常规电器一般功率都不大于300W）。当有常规小功率电器接入时，电流的瞬间变化量将不会超过设定值，电路能正常供电。而当有单个功率在设定值以上的电器接入时，瞬时电流的变化量将超过允许使用单个电器的上限值，单片机主控器将记忆该值。为了防止误动作，在规定的时间内连续采样N次，通过进一步的比较和分析判断：若为某一电器（小于设定值）接入时的冲击或电网干扰，输出模块不动作，继续供电；若是大功率电器接入电路，则单片机输出控制信号使继电器动作并停止供电。文中还介绍了RS485总线的特性和工作原理及单片机各子程序程序流程图。
 关键词：串行A/D、智能识别、单片机、RS485总线、多机通信

of High-Power Electric Appliances Intelligently Identifying and Electrical Safety Controller

 Abstract: All sorts of questions managed and existing safely with the electricity with the electricity to the dormitory, can discern the electric apparatus of high-power and can limit its intellectual power consuming control system used automatically after designing a core of regarding one-chip computer as. System gather electric current signal of main circuit by mutual inductor with electric current, nurse one's health the signal, serial A/D chip TLC2543 changes A/D, send sampled value into the one-chip computer to deal with it. (whether routine electric apparatus general power greater than 300W) according to power being minimum to forbid electric apparatus connect fashionable , establish individual limit of having of electric apparatus. As have routine little power electric apparatus connect fashionable, person who change can exceed the establishing value twinkling of an eye in electric current, circuit Yes to supply power normally. And as have power above electric apparatus of establishing etc. at inserting circuit , instantaneous change amount of electric current exceed limit of having used to allow, it should be worth that the one-chip computer will remember. Whether for prevent movement of missing , sample N time in succession within fixed time , pass further comparison and analysis and judgment. If for a certain electric apparatus (the little impact when establishing value ) insert or the electric wire netting to interfere, output module movement, continue and supply power; If high-power electric apparatus insert circuit, one-chip computer then output control signal make movements of the relay and stop the power supply. Have also introduced the characteristic , operation principle and one-chip computer every subprogram procedure flow chart of RS485 bus in the article.
 Key words: Serial A/D , intelligence discern , one-chip computer , RS485 bus , many machine communication
目   录
摘  要  Ⅰ
Abstract Ⅱ
第1章 绪  论 1
 1.1 课题名称及来源 1
 1.2 研究的意义及目的 1
 1.3 设计任务及要求 2
 1.4 课题发展现状及展望 2
第2章 系统的功能及组成 4
 2.1 系统的功能 4
 2.2 系统的组成 4
 2.2.1数据检测及控制模块 5
 2.2.2中继模块 5
 2.2.3单片机多机通信的实现 6
 2.2.4计算机多机通信的实现 7
 2.2.5多机通信的扩展 8
第3章 大功率负载智能识别算法 9
 3.1 傅立叶变换法进行负载识别 9
 3.1.1算法实现 9
 3.1.2傅立叶快速变换在本系统中的应用 11
 3.2 基于小波变换的负载识别 11
 3.2.1小波分析在本系统中的应用 11
 3.3 本系统采用的算法 12
 3.3.1算法实现 12
 3.4 系统算法的另一种选择 13
 3.4.1算法实现 13
第4章 系统硬件电路设计 14
 4.1 单片机选择及外围电路设计 14
 4.1.1时钟与复位电路的设计 15
 4.1.2光电耦合电路设计 16
 4.1.3电源电路设计 16
 4.1.4 A/D转换器及其接口电路设计 18
 4.2 数据检测电路设计 20
 4.3 中继模块电路设计 21
 4.3.1 RS-485总线标准介绍 21
 4.3.2系统使用的MAX485芯片介绍 22
第5章 系统程序设计 23
 5.1 主程序设计 23
 5.1.1主程序流程图 25
 5.1.2初始化子程序流程图 26
 5.1.3 A/D转换子程序流程图 27
 5.1.4差值比较算法子程序流程图 28
 5.1.5减法子程序流程图 29
 5.1.6比较子程序流程图 30
 5.1.7通信子程序了流程图 31
 5.1.8控制子程序流程图 32
 5.2 单片机系统调试 32
 5.2.1 KEIL C51编译器介绍 33
 5.2.2 uVision2集成开发环境 34
 5.2.3 分编辑器和调试器 34
 5.2.4 C51编译器 35
 5.2.5程序调试器 36
 5.3 计算机软件开发 36
 5.3.1利用VB6.0开发通讯程序简介 37
结束语 38
参考文献 39
致谢 40
附录A 单片机程序清单 41
附录B 系统硬件电路设计总图 48

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